Potential Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Targets to Alleviate Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although FOG reduces quality life, affects mobility and increases the risk falls, there are little to no effective treatments alleviate FOG. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has recently yielded attention as potential treatment reduce symptoms however, parameters protocols remain inconsistent require further research. Specifically, targets for careful review. Thus, with current neuroimaging neuro-electrophysiological evidence, we consider cortical thought be involved pathophysiology according Interference model, within reach NIBS. We note that primary cortex, supplementary area dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have already drawn NIBS FOG, but based on evidence premotor medial cerebellum, more particularly, posterior parietal should considered regions stimulation. also discuss different methodological considerations, such type, medication state, hemisphere target, future perspectives